极客笔记Python 取模运算符
与其他编程语言类似，Python的模运算符也执行相同的工作，用于计算给定数值的模数。该运算符是一个数学符号，用于执行不同的操作，如加法，减法，乘法和除法，对给定的两个数返回整数和浮点数的结果。运算符根据传递给定数的运算符符号，告诉编译器执行特定的动作。
取模运算符
Python取模运算符是一种内置运算符，它通过将第一个数除以第二个数来返回剩余的数值。它也被称为强大的Python取模运算符。在Python中，取模符号用百分号（%）表示。因此，它被称为余数运算符。
语法
以下是通过将第一个数除以第二个数来获得余数的语法。
Rem = X % Y
这里X和Y是两个整数，而模（%）用在它们之间以获得第一个数（X）除以第二个数（Y）所得的余数。
例如，我们有两个数，24和5。我们可以使用模运算符24％5来获得余数。在这里，24除以5余数为4，商为4。当第一个数被另一个数整除时，没有余数，结果为0。例如，我们有两个数，20和5。我们可以使用模运算符20％5来获得余数。在这里，20除以5余数为0，商为4。
使用while循环获取两个整数数的模
让我们编写一个程序，在Python中使用while循环和模运算符来获取两个数的余数。
Get_rem.py
while True: # here, if the while condition is true then if block will be executed
a = input ('Do you want to continue or not (Y / N)? ')
if a.upper() != 'Y': # here, If the user pass 'Y', the following statement is executed.
break
a = int(input (' First number is: ')) # here, we are taking the input for first number
b = int(input (' Second number is: '))
# Here, we are taking the input for second number
print("The result after performing modulus operator is: ", a, ' % ', b, ' = ', a % b)
# Here, we are performing the modulus a % b
print("The result after performing modulus operator is:", b, ' % ', a, ' = ', b % a)
# Here, we are performing the modulus b % a
输出：
Do you want to continue or not (Y / N)? Y
First number is: 37
Second number is: 5
The result after performing modulus operator is: 37 % 5 = 2
The result after performing modulus operator is: 5 % 37 = 5
Do you want to continue or not (Y / N)? Y
First number is: 37
Second number is: 5
The result after performing modulus operator is: 24 % 5 = 4
The result after performing modulus operator is: 5 % 24 = 5
Do you want to continue or not (Y / N)? Y
First number is: 37
Second number is: 5
The result after performing modulus operator is: 28 % 5 = 3
The result after performing modulus operator is: 5 % 28 = 5
获取两个浮点数的模数
让我们编写一个程序，使用Python中的模运算符来找到两个整数的余数。
Mod.py
x = float(input ('First number: '))
# Here, we are taking the input for the first number
y = float(input (' Second number: '))
# Here, we are taking the input for the second number
res = x % y # Here, we are storing the remainder in a new res variable
print("Modulus of two float number is: ", x, "%", y, " = ", res, sep = " ")
输出：
First number: 40.5
Second number: 20.5
Modulus of two float number is: 40.5 % 20.5 = 20.0
获取负数的模数
让我们编写一个程序，在Python中使用while循环和模数（%）运算符获得两个负数的余数。
Mod.py
while True:
x = input(' Do you want to continue (Y / N)? ')
if x.upper() != 'Y':
break
# Here, we are taking input two integer number and store it into x and y
x = int(input (' First number: '))
# Here, we are taking the input for the first number
y = int(input (' Second number: '))
# Here, we are taking the input for the second number
print("Modulus of negative number is: ", x, "%", y, " = ", x % y, sep = " ")
print("Modulus of negative number is: ", y, "%", x, " = ", y % x, sep = " ")
输出：
First number: -10
Second number: 3
Modulus of negative number is: -10 % 3 = 2
Modulus of negative number is: 3 % -10 = -7
Do you want to continue (Y / N)? N
使用fmod()函数获取两个数字的模数
让我们编写一个程序，使用Python中的fmod()函数获取两个浮点数的余数。
Fmod.py
import math # here, we are importing the math package to use fmod() function.
res = math.fmod(25.5, 5.5) # here, we are passing the parameters
print ("Modulus using fmod() is:", res)
ft = math.fmod(75.5, 15.5)
print (" Modulus using fmod() is:", ft)
# Here, we are taking two integers from the user
x = int( input( "First number is"))
# Here, we are taking the input for the first number
y = int (input ("Second number is "))
# Here, we are taking the input for the second number
out = math.fmod(x, y) # here, we are passing the parameters
print("Modulus of two numbers using fmod() function is", x, " % ", y, " = ", out)
输出：
Modulus using fmod() is: 3.5
Modulus using fmod() is: 13.5
First number is 24
Second number is 5
Modulus of two numbers using fmod() function is 24 % 5 = 4.0
使用函数求n个数字的模
让我们编写一个Python程序，在函数和for循环中找出n个数字的模。
getRemainder.py
def getRemainder(n, k): # here, we are creating a function
for i in range(1, n + 1): # here, we are declaring a for loop
# Here, we are storing remainder in the rem variable when i is divided by k number
rem = i % k
print(i, " % ", k, " = ", rem, sep = " ")
# Here, the code for use _name_ driver
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Here, we define the first number for displaying the number up to desired number.
n = int(input ("Define a number till that you want to display the remainder "))
k = int( input (" Enter the second number ")) # here, we are defining the divisor
# Here, we are calling the define function
getRemainder(n, k)
输出：
Define a number till that you want to display the remainder 7
Enter the second number 5
1 % 5 = 1
2 % 5 = 2
3 % 5 = 3
4 % 5 = 4
5 % 5 = 0
6 % 5 = 1
7 % 5 = 2
使用mod()函数获取给定数组的模数
让我们编写一个程序来演示Python中的mod()函数。
Mod_fun.py
import numpy as np # here, we are importing the numpy package
x = np.array([40, -25, 28, 35]) # here, we are define the first array
y = np.array([20, 4, 6, 8]) # here, we are define the second array
# Here, we are calling the mod() function and pass x and y as the parameter
print("The modulus of the given array is ", np.mod (x, y))
输出：
The modulus of the given array is [0 3 4 3]
正如我们在上面的程序中可以看到的那样，x和y变量保存了数组。在那之后，我们使用mod()函数将x和y作为数组参数传递，它会将第一个数组(x)除以第二个数组(y)，并返回余数。
使用numpy获取两个数的模
让我们考虑一个程序，从Python库中导入 numpy 包，然后使用remainder函数来在Python中获取模。
Num.py
import numpy as np # here, we are importing the numpy package as np
# Here, we are giving the declaration of the variables with their values
num = 38 # here, we are initializing the num variable
num2 = 8 # here, we are initializing the num2 variable
res = np.remainder(num, num2) # here, we are using the np.remainder() function
print("Modulus is", num, " % ", num2, " = ", res)
# Here, we are displaying the modulus num % num2
输出：
Modulus is 38 % 8 = 6
Python取模运算符中的异常
在Python中，当一个数被零除时，会抛出一个异常，这个异常被称为 ZeroDivisionError 。换句话说，当一个数可以被零除时，它会返回一个异常。因此，如果我们想要在Python取模运算符中去除异常，除数就不能为零。
让我们编写一个程序来演示Python取模运算符中的异常。
Except.py
x = int(input (' The first number is: '))
# Here, we are taking the input for the first number
y = int(input (' The second number is: '))
# Here, we are taking the input for the second number
# Here, we are displaying the exception handling
try: # here, we are defining the try block
print (x, ' % ', y, ' = ', x % y)
except ZeroDivisionError as err: # here, we are defining the exception block
print ('Cannot divide a number by zero! ' + 'So, change the value of the right operand.')
输出：
The first number is: 24
The second number is: 0
Cannot divide a number by zero! So, change the value of the right operand.
如上所示，结果显示：
无法将一个数除以零！因此，请更改右操作数的值
因此，我们可以说，当我们将第一个数除以零时，会返回一个异常。