Python 如何使用Scikit-learn实现线性分类

线性分类 是最简单的机器学习问题之一。为了实现线性分类，我们将使用sklearn的SGD（随机梯度下降）分类器来预测虹膜花的物种。

步骤

你可以按照以下步骤使用Python Scikit-learn实现线性分类：

步骤1 - 首先导入必要的包scikit-learn、NumPy和matplotlib。

步骤2 - 加载数据集并构建训练集和测试集。

步骤3 - 使用matplotlib绘制训练样本。尽管这一步是可选的，但是绘制样本可以更清晰地展示。

步骤4 - 创建SGD分类器对象，初始化其参数，并使用fit()方法训练模型。

步骤5 - 使用Python Scikit-learn库的metrics包评估结果。

示例

让我们来看一个示例，我们将使用虹膜花的两个特征，即萼片宽度和萼片长度，来预测虹膜花的物种。

# Import required libraries
import sklearn
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# %matplotlib inline

# Loading Iris flower dataset
from sklearn import datasets
iris = datasets.load_iris()
X_data, y_data = iris.data, iris.target

# Print iris data shape
print ("Original Dataset Shape:",X_data.shape, y_data.shape)

# Dividing dataset into training and testing dataset and standarized the features
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

# Getting the Iris dataset with only the first two attributes
X, y = X_data[:,:2], y_data

# Split the dataset into a training and a testing set(20 percent)
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.20, random_state=1)
print ("\nTesting Dataset Shape:", X_train.shape, y_train.shape)

# Standarize the features
scaler = StandardScaler().fit(X_train)
X_train = scaler.transform(X_train)
X_test = scaler.transform(X_test)

# Plot the dataset
# Set the figure size
plt.figure(figsize=(7.16, 3.50))
plt.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.05, top=0.9, left=0.05, right=0.95)
plt.title('Training instances', size ='18')
colors = ['orange', 'green', 'cyan']
for i in range(len(colors)):
   px = X_train[:, 0][y_train == i]
   py = X_train[:, 1][y_train == i]
   plt.scatter(px, py, c=colors[i])

plt.legend(iris.target_names)
plt.xlabel('Sepal length')
plt.ylabel('Sepal width')
plt.show()

# create the linear model SGDclassifier
from sklearn.linear_model import SGDClassifier
linear_clf = SGDClassifier()

# Train the classifier using fit() function
linear_clf.fit(X_train, y_train)

# Print the learned coeficients
print ("\nThe coefficients of the linear boundary are:", linear_clf.coef_)
print ("\nThe point of intersection of the line are:",linear_clf.intercept_)

# Evaluate the result
from sklearn import metrics
y_train_pred = linear_clf.predict(X_train)
print ("\nThe Accuracy of our classifier is:", metrics.accuracy_score(y_train, y_train_pred)*100)

输出

它将产生以下输出

Original Dataset Shape: (150, 4) (150,)

Testing Dataset Shape: (120, 2) (120,)

The coefficients of the linear boundary are: [[-28.85486061 13.42772422]
[ 2.54806641 -5.04803702]
[ 7.03088805 -0.73391906]]

The point of intersection of the line are: [-19.61738307 -3.54055412 -0.35387805]

我们分类器的准确率为：76.66666666666667

Python 如何使用Scikit-learn实现线性分类