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使用Turtle模块在Python中创建的贪吃蛇游戏

使用Turtle模块在Python中创建的贪吃蛇游戏

贪吃蛇是一款街机迷宫游戏，由Gremlin Industries公司制作并在1976年10月由SEGA发布。它被认为是一款优秀的游戏，并在许多代人中越来越受欢迎。贪吃蛇游戏可以通过四个方向按钮来控制贪吃蛇的移动方向。玩这个游戏的目标是通过吃食物或水果来获得最高得分。如果贪吃蛇撞到墙壁或自己，玩家就会失败。

对于初学者来说，想要在Python领域创建一些简单的东西的人可以尝试这个程序。模块Turtle专门设计用于初学者进行玩耍，并提交一个项目的程序。本项目使用的是Python 3.0版本。

因此，我们将创建一个基于Python的游戏， Python 使用以下这些模块。

  • Turtle： 这是一个已安装的Python库，允许用户通过提供虚拟画布来绘制图案和图像。
  • Time： 它用于计算自事件发生日期以来的秒数。
  • Random： 这是一个通过使用random模块在Python中创建随机数的函数。

支持

以下代码可以在使用Sublime Text应用程序的情况下轻松工作，该应用程序专门用于与Python程序一起使用。

另外，也可以使用VSCode来使用这个程序。通过使用VSCode的扩展来安装Python3。然后，将Python3程序保存为你的文件名.py的格式。

以下是使用Turtle模块制作贪吃蛇游戏的逐步方法：

步骤1. 向程序添加模块，然后为每个游戏给出一个初始值。

import turtle as ttl
import time
import random as rdm

delay = 0.1
score = 0
high_score = 0

步骤2： 我们将创建游戏的显示部分，也就是游戏的屏幕，在游戏中我们将创建蛇的头部和蛇在游戏中吃的食物，并在游戏顶部显示分数。

# Here we will creating a window screen
w_n = ttl.Screen()
w_n.title("Snake Game JavaTpoint")
w_n.bgcolor("black")

# The width and height can be put as user's choice
w_n.setup(width = 650, height = 650)
w_n.tracer(0)


# Here, we will create the head of the snake
head1 = ttl.Turtle()
head1.shape("circle")
head1.color("white")
head1.penup()
head1.goto(0, 0)
head1.direction = "Stop"


# Here, we will create the food in the game
food1 = ttl.Turtle()
colors = rdm.choice(['pink', 'yellow', 'blue'])
shapes = rdm.choice(['triangle', 'square', 'circle'])
food1.speed(0)
food1.shape(shapes)
food1.color(colors)
food1.penup()
food1.goto(0, 100)


pen1 = ttl.Turtle()
pen1.speed(0)
pen1.shape("square")
pen1.color("white")
pen1.penup()
pen1.hideturtle()
pen1.goto(0, 250)
pen1.write("Score: 0  High Score: 0", align ="center",
          font = ("Consolas", 22, "bold"))

输出：

使用Turtle模块在Python中创建的贪吃蛇游戏

步骤3： 我们将核实控制蛇移动的键。当我们点击游戏中常用的术语，比如“e”、“s”、“f”和“v”时，我们就能控制蛇在屏幕上移动。

# Here, we will assign the key directions
def group1():
    if head1.direction != "down":
        head1.direction = "up"


def go_down():
    if head1.direction != "up":
        head1.direction = "down"


def go_left():
    if head1.direction != "right":
        head1.direction = "left"


def go_right():
    if head1.direction != "left":
        head1.direction = "right"


def move1():
    if head1.direction == "up":
        y1 = head1.ycor()
        head1.sety(y1 + 20)
    if head1.direction == "down":
        y1 = head1.ycor()
        head1.sety(y1 - 20)
    if head1.direction == "left":
        x1 = head1.xcor()
        head1.setx(x1 - 20)
    if head1.direction == "right":
        x1 = head1.xcor()
        head1.setx(x1 + 20)


w_n.listen()
w_n.onkeypress(group1, "e")
w_n.onkeypress(go_down, "v")
w_n.onkeypress(go_left, "s")
w_n.onkeypress(go_right, "f")

步骤4： 我们将设计以下游戏内容：

  • 蛇吃到水果后身体会变长。
  • 给蛇的尾巴上色。
  • 当吃到水果时，会记录得分。
  • 检查蛇的头部是否与身体或屏幕边缘碰撞。
  • 游戏在碰撞后会立即自动重新开始。
  • 每次打开窗口时都会展示新的水果设计和形状。
  • 分数将被重置为零，并且最高分将保留，直到窗口关闭。
# Code for main gameplay
while True:
    w_n.update()
    if head1.xcor() > 295 or head1.xcor() < -295 or head1.ycor() > 290 or head1.ycor() < -295:
        time.sleep(1)
        head1.goto(0, 0)
        head1.direction = "Stop"
        colors = rdm.choice(['pink', 'blue', 'yellow'])
        shapes = rdm.choice(['square', 'circle'])
        for segment1 in segments1:
            segment1.goto(1050, 1050)
        segments1.clear()
        score = 0
        delay = 0.1
        pen1.clear()
        pen1.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(
            score, high_score), align = "center", font = ("Consoles", 22, "bold"))
    if head1.distance(food1) < 20:
        x = rdm.randint(-275, 275)
        y = rdm.randint(-275, 275)
        food1.goto(x, y)

        # Here, we are adding segment
        new_segment1 = ttl.Turtle()
        new_segment1.speed(0)
        new_segment1.shape("square")
        new_segment1.color("orange")  # tail colour
        new_segment1.penup()
        segments.append(new_segment1)
        delay -= 0.001
        score += 10
        if score > high_score:
            high_score = score
        pen1.clear()
        pen1.write("Score: {} High Score: {} ".format(
            score, high_score), align = "center", font = ("Consoles", 22, "bold"))
    # Checking for head collisions with body segments
    for index in range(len(segments1)-1, 0, -1):
        x = segments1[index-1].xcor()
        y = segments1[index-1].ycor()
        segments1[index].goto(x, y)
    if len(segments1) > 0:
        x1 = head1.xcor()
        y1 = head1.ycor()
        segments1[0].goto(x1, y1)
    move()
    for segment1 in segments1:
        if segment1.distance(head1) < 20:
            time.sleep(1)
            head1.goto(0, 0)
            head1.direction = "stop"
            colors = rdm.choice(['pink', 'blue', 'yellow'])
            shapes = rdm.choice(['square', 'triangle'])
            for segment1 in segments1:
                segment1.goto(1050, 1050)
            segment1.clear()

            score = 0
            delay = 0.1
            pen1.clear()
            pen1.write("Score: {} High Score: {} ".format(
                score, high_score), align = "center", font = ("Consoles", 22, "bold"))
    time.sleep(delay)

w_n.mainloop()

以下是贪吃蛇游戏的完整实现代码

import turtle as ttl
import time
import random as rdm

delay = 0.1
score = 0
high_score = 0

# Here we will be creating a window screen
w_n = ttl.Screen()
w_n.title("Snake Game JavaTpoint")
w_n.bgcolor("black")

# The width and height can be put as user's choice
w_n.setup(width = 650, height = 650)
w_n.tracer(0)


# Here, we will create the head of the snake
head1 = ttl.Turtle()
head1.shape("circle")
head1.color("white")
head1.penup()
head1.goto(0, 0)
head1.direction = "Stop"


# Here, we will create the food in the game
food1 = ttl.Turtle()
colors = rdm.choice(['pink', 'yellow', 'blue'])
shapes = rdm.choice(['triangle', 'square', 'circle'])
food1.speed(0)
food1.shape(shapes)
food1.color(colors)
food1.penup()
food1.goto(0, 100)


pen1 = ttl.Turtle()
pen1.speed(0)
pen1.shape("square")
pen1.color("white")
pen1.penup()
pen1.hideturtle()
pen1.goto(0, 250)
pen1.write("Score: 0, High Score: 0", align = "center",
          font = ("Consoles", 22, "bold"))
# Here, we will assign the key directions
def group1():
    if head1.direction != "down":
        head1.direction = "up"


def go_down():
    if head1.direction != "up":
        head1.direction = "down"


def go_left():
    if head1.direction != "right":
        head1.direction = "left"


def go_right():
    if head1.direction != "left":
        head1.direction = "right"


def move():
    if head1.direction == "up":
        y1 = head1.ycor()
        head1.sety(y1 + 20)
    if head1.direction == "down":
        y1 = head1.ycor()
        head1.sety(y1 - 20)
    if head1.direction == "left":
        x1 = head1.xcor()
        head1.setx(x1 - 20)
    if head1.direction == "right":
        x1 = head1.xcor()
        head1.setx(x1 + 20)


w_n.listen()
w_n.onkeypress(group1, "e")
w_n.onkeypress(go_down, "v")
w_n.onkeypress(go_left, "s")
w_n.onkeypress(go_right, "f")

segments1 = []

# Code for main gameplay
while True:
    w_n.update()
    if head1.xcor() > 290 or head1.xcor() < -290 or head1.ycor() > 290 or head1.ycor() < -290:
        time.sleep(1)
        head1.goto(0, 0)
        head1.direction = "Stop"
        colors = rdm.choice(['pink', 'blue', 'yellow'])
        shapes = rdm.choice(['square', 'triangle'])
        for segment1 in segments1:
            segment1.goto(1050, 1050)
        segments1.clear()
        score = 0
        delay = 0.1
        pen1.clear()
        pen1.write("Score: {} High Score: {} ".format(
            score, high_score), align = "center", font = ("candara", 24, "bold"))
    if head1.distance(food1) < 20:
        x1 = rdm.randint(-275, 275)
        y1 = rdm.randint(-275, 275)
        food1.goto(x1, y1)

        # Here, we are adding segment
        new_segment1 = ttl.Turtle()
        new_segment1.speed(0)
        new_segment1.shape("square")
        new_segment1.color("orange")  # tail colour
        new_segment1.penup()
        segments1.append(new_segment1)
        delay -= 0.001
        score += 10
        if score > high_score:
            high_score = score
        pen1.clear()
        pen1.write("Score : {} High Score : {} ".format(
            score, high_score), align = "center", font = ("Consoles", 22, "bold"))
    # Checking for head collisions with body segments
    for index in range(len(segments1)-1, 0, -1):
        x1 = segments1[index - 1].xcor()
        y1 = segments1[index - 1].ycor()
        segments1[index].goto(x1, y1)
    if len(segments1) > 0:
        x1 = head1.xcor()
        y1 = head1.ycor()
        segments1[0].goto(x1, y1)
    move()
    for segment1 in segments1:
        if segment1.distance(head1) < 20:
            time.sleep(1)
            head1.goto(0, 0)
            head1.direction = "stop"
            colors = rdm.choice(['pink', 'blue', 'yellow'])
            shapes = rdm.choice(['square', 'triangle'])
            for segment1 in segments1:
                segment1.goto(1050, 1050)
            segment1.clear()

            score = 0
            delay = 0.1
            pen1.clear()
            pen1.write("Score: {} High Score: {} ".format(
                score, high_score), align = "center", font = ("Consoles", 22, "bold"))
    time.sleep(delay)

w_n.mainloop()

输出：

使用Turtle模块在Python中创建的贪吃蛇游戏

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