C++ map emplace_hint() 函数
C++ map emplace_hint() 函数用于通过使用提示作为元素的位置,在容器中插入新元素来扩展map容器。元素是直接建立的(既不复制也不移动)。
调用元素的构造函数时,将参数args传递给此函数。 仅当键不存在时才进行插入。
语法
template <class... Args>
iterator emplace_hint (const_iterator position, Args&&...args); //since C++ 11
参数
args :用于构造要插入到映射中的元素的参数。
position :提示要插入新元素的位置。
返回值
返回指向新插入元素的迭代器。如果元素已经存在,则插入失败,并返回指向现有元素的迭代器。
示例1
让我们看一个简单的示例,将元素插入到映射中。
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
int main(void) {
map<char, int> m = {
{'b', 20},
{'c', 30},
{'d', 40},
};
m.emplace_hint(m.end(), 'e', 50);
m.emplace_hint(m.begin(), 'a', 10);
cout << "Map contains following elements" << endl;
for (auto it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it)
cout << it->first << " = " << it->second << endl;
return 0;
}
输出:
Map contains following elements
a = 10
b = 20
c = 30
d = 40
e = 50
在上面的示例中,它只是将元素插入到具有给定键值对和位置的地图m中。
示例2
让我们看一个简单的示例。
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template <typename M> void print(const M& m) {
cout << m.size() << " elements: " << endl;
for (const auto& p : m) {
cout << "(" << p.first << "," << p.second << ") ";
}
cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
map<string, string> m1;
// Emplace some test data
m1.emplace("Ram", "Accounting");
m1.emplace("Rakesh", "Accounting");
m1.emplace("Sunil", "Engineering");
cout << "map starting data: ";
print(m1);
cout << endl;
// Emplace with hint
// m1.end() should be the "next" element after this emplacement
m1.emplace_hint(m1.end(), "Deep", "Engineering");
cout << "map modified, now contains ";
print(m1);
cout << endl;
}
输出:
map starting data: 3 elements:
(Rakesh,Accounting) (Ram,Accounting) (Sunil,Engineering)
map modified, now contains 4 elements:
(Deep,Engineering) (Rakesh,Accounting) (Ram,Accounting) (Sunil,Engineering)
示例3
让我们看一个简单的示例,将元素插入到给定位置的地图中。
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
map<char,int> mymap;
auto it = mymap.end();
it = mymap.emplace_hint(it,'b',10);
mymap.emplace_hint(it,'a',12);
mymap.emplace_hint(mymap.end(),'c',14);
cout << "mymap contains:";
for (auto& x: mymap)
cout << " [" << x.first << ':' << x.second << ']';
cout << '\n';
return 0;
}
输出:
mymap contains: [a:12] [b:10] [c:14]
示例4
让我们看一个简单的示例来插入元素。
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main() {
typedef map<string, int> city;
string name;
int age;
city fmly ;
int n;
cout<<"Enter the number of fmly members :";
cin>>n;
cout<<"Enter the name and age of each member: \n";
for(int i =0; i<n; i++)
{
cin>> name; // Get key
cin>> age; // Get value
fmly.emplace_hint(fmly.begin(),name,age);
}
cout<<"\nTotal memnber of fmly is:"<< fmly.size();
cout<<"\nDetails of fmly members: \n";
cout<<"\nName | Age \n ________________________\n";
city::iterator p;
for(p = fmly.begin(); p!=fmly.end(); p++)
{
cout<<(*p).first << " | " <<(*p).second <<" \n ";
}
return 0;
}
输出:
Enter the number of fmly members : 3
Enter the name and age of each member:
Ram 42
Sita 37
Laxman 40
Total memnber of fmly is:3
Details of fmly members:
Name | Age
__________________________
Laxman | 40
Ram | 42
Sita | 37
在上面的示例中,它只是在地图的开头插入用户选择的元素。