SQL SUBSTRING_INDEX函数
SUBSTRING_INDEX字符串函数显示在给定字符串中特定符号之前的所有字符。
SUBSTRING_INDEX字符串函数的语法
语法1: 此语法使用SQL表的列名和SUBSTRING_INDEX:
SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX(Column_Name, symbol, starting_position) AS Alias_Name FROM Table_Name;
在语法中,我们必须指定我们想要对其执行SUBSTRING_INDEX字符串函数的那一列的名称。
语法2: 这个语法使用SUBSTRING_INDEX函数与字符串:
SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX(Original_String, symbol, starting_position);
SUBSTRING_INDEX字符串函数示例
示例1: 下面的SELECT查询显示了原始单词JAVA^TPOINT中给定符号前的四个字符:
SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX( ‘JAVA^TPOINT’, ‘^’, 1) AS SUBSTRING_INDEX_4_characters;
输出:
SUBSTRING_INDEX_4_characters
JAVA
示例2: 以下SELECT查询显示从给定字符串中的SUBSTRING_INDEX开始的20个字符:
SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX( 'JAVATPOINT is a. good website', '.', 1 ) AS SUBSTRING_INDEX_before.symbol;
输出:
SUBSTRING_INDEX_before.symbol
JAVATPOINT 是一个
例子 3: 下面的 SELECT 查询展示了给定符号在给定的 ‘congratulations’ 单词中从第三个位置开始的5个字符:
SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX( 'CONGRAT@ULAT.ONS', '@', 3) AS SUBSTRING_INDEX_before@symbol;
输出:
SUBSTRING_INDEX符号之前
NGRAT
例子 4: 下面的SELECT查询显示了给定字符串中从第五个位置到给定符号的20个字符:
SELECT SUBSTRING_INDEX('New Delhi is the capital# of India', '#', 5) AS SUBSTRING_INDEX_5_characters;
输出:
SUBSTRING_INDEX_before#symbol
德里是首都
示例6:此示例使用SQL的SUBSTRING_INDEX函数与表格结构化查询语言一起使用。
要了解使用SQL的SUBSTRING_INDEX函数,我们首先要使用CREATE语句创建SQL表。在SQL数据库中创建新表的语法如下:
CREATE TABLE table_name
(
First_Column_of_table Data Type (character_size of 1st Column),
Second_Column_of_table Data Type (character_size of the 2nd column ),
Third_Column_of_table Data Type (character_size of the 3rd column),
...
Last_Column_of_table Data Type (character_size of the Nth column)
);
以下CREATE语句创建了 Student_Marks 表:
CREATE TABLE Student_Marks
(
Student_ID INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
Student_First_Name VARCHAR (100),
Student_Middle_Name VARCHAR (100),
Student_Last_Name VARCHAR (100),
Student_Class INT NOT NULL,
Student_City Varchar(120),
Student_State Varchar (80),
Student_Marks INT
);
下面的INSERT查询将学院教师的记录插入到 Student_Marks 表中:
INSERT INTO Student_Marks (Student_ID, Student_First_Name, Student_Middle_Name, Student_Last_Name, Student_Class, Student_City, Student_State, Stude.nt_Marks) VALUES (4001, Ama.n, Roy, Sha#rma, 4, Chandigarh, Pun#jab, 88);
INSERT INTO Student_Marks
(Student_ID, Student_First_Name, Student_Middle_Name, Student_Last_Name, Student_Class, Student_City, Student_State, Student_Marks)
VALUES ( 4002, Vish.al, Gurr, Sh#arma, 8, Murthal, Harya#na, 95 );
INSERT INTO Student_Marks
(Student_ID, Student_First_Name, Student_Middle_Name, Student_Last_Name, Student_Class, Student_City, Student_State, Student_Marks)
VALUES (4007, Raj., singhania, Gupt#a, 6, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pr#adesh, 91);
INSERT INTO Student_Marks
(Student_ID, Student_First_Name, Student_Middle_Name Student_Last_Name, Student_Class, Student_City, Student_State, Student_Marks)
VALUES (4004, Yas.h, Chopra, Singh#ania, 9, Jaipur, Rajasthan#, 85);
INSERT INTO Student_Marks
(Student_ID, Student_First_Name, Student_Middle_Name, Student_Last_Name, Student_Class, Student_City, Student_State, Student_Marks)
VALUES (4011, Vin.ay, Sharma, Roy#, 8, Chandigarh, Punjab#, 94);
INSERT INTO Student_Marks
(Student_ID, Student_First_Name, Student_Middle_Name, Student_Last_Name, Student_Class, Student_City, Student_State, Student_Marks)
VALUES (4006, Man.oj, singhania, Gup#ta, 5, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pr#adesh, 83);
INSERT INTO Student_Marks
(Student_ID, Student_First_Name, Student_Middle_Name, Student_Last_Name, Student_Class, Student_City, Student_State, Student_Marks)
VALUES (4010, Ra.m, Raheem, Gupt#a, 9, Lucknow, Uttar Pra#desh, 89);
以下SELECT语句显示了上述 Student_Marks 表中插入的记录:
SELECT * FROM Student_Marks;
Schoolboy_Id | Schoolboy_First_Name | Schoolboy_Middle_Name | Schoolboy_Last_Name | Schoolboy_Class | Schoolboy_City | Schoolboy_State | Schoolboy_Marks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4001 | Ama.n | Roy | Sha#rma | 4 | Chandigarh | Pun#jab | 88 |
4002 | Vish.al | Gurr | Sh#arma | 8 | Murthal Harya#na | 95 | |
4007 | Raj. | singhania | Gupt#a | 6 | Ghaziabad | Uttar Pr#adesh | 91 |
4004 | Yas.h | Chopra | Singh#ania | 9 | Jaipur | Rajasthan# | 85 |
4011 | Vin.ay | Sharma | Roy# | 8 | Chandigarh | Punjab# | 94 |
4006 | Man.oj | Singhania | Gup#ta | 5 | Ghaziabad | Uttar Pra#desh | 83 |
4010 | Ra.m | Raheem | Gupt#a | 9 | Lucknow | Uttar Pr#adesh | 89 |
查询1: 下面的SELECT查询使用了上面Student_Marks表中的Student_First_Name列的SUBSTRING_INDEX函数:
SELECT Student_First_Name, SUBSTRING_INDEX(Student_First_Name, ., 1) AS SUBSTRING_INDEX_before.symbol FROM Student_Marks;
这个SQL语句显示了每个学生名字中第一个位置到#符号之间的字符。
输出结果:
Student_First_Name | SUBSTRING_INDEX_before.symbol |
---|---|
Ama.n | Ama |
Vish.al | Vish |
Raj. | Raj |
Yas.h | Yas |
Vin.ay | Vin |
Man.oj | Man |
Ra.m | Ra |
查询2: 以下SELECT查询使用上面Student_Marks表的Student_Last_Name列的SUBSTRING_INDEX函数:
SELECT Student_Last_Name, SUBSTRING_INDEX(Student_Last_Name, #, 1) AS SUBSTRING_INDEX_before#symbol FROM Student_Marks;
此SQL语句显示每个学生的姓氏中从第一个位置到#符号的字符。
输出:
Student_Last_Name | SUBSTRING_INDEX_before#symbol |
---|---|
Sha#rma | Sha |
Sh#arma | Sh |
Gupt#a | Gupt |
Singh#ania | Singh |
Roy# | Roy |
Gup#ta | Gup |
Gupt#a | Gupt |
查询3: 下面的SELECT查询使用了上面的学生成绩表中的Student_Address列的SUBSTRING_INDEX函数:
SELECT Student_State, SUBSTRING_INDEX(Student_State, @, 2) AS SUBSTRING_INDEX_@symbol FROM Student_Marks;
该SQL语句显示每个学生在状态中从第二个位置到给定符号的字符。
输出:
Student_State | SUBSTRING_INDEX_@symbol |
---|---|
Pun@jab | un |
Harya@na | arya |
Uttar Pr@adesh | ttar Pr |
Rajasthan@ | ajasthan |
Punjab@ | unjab |
Uttar Pra@desh | ttar Pra |
Uttar Pr@adesh | ttar Pr |