JavaScript 如何动态插入ID到表格元素

在本文中，我们将学习如何使用JavaScript和setAttribute API动态插入ID到表格元素。

在网络开发中，动态插入ID到HTML表格元素可以是一个有用的技术，当我们需要唯一地识别和操作特定的行或单元格时。通过编程方式为表格元素分配ID，我们在访问和修改表格内容时获得更多的控制和灵活性。

让我们通过一些示例来了解如何实现这一点。

示例1

在这个示例中，我们通过计算可用行的总数并将该计数附加到一个空字符串中，为表格行生成一个随机ID。

文件名：index.html

<html lang="en">
   <head>
      <title>How to dynamically insert id into table element using JavaScript?</title>
   </head>
   <body>
      <h3>How to dynamically insert id into table element using JavaScript?</h3>
      <table id="myTable">
         <tr>
            <th>Row</th>
            <th>Data</th>
         </tr>
      </table>
      <button onclick="addRow()">Add Row</button>
      <script>
         function addRow() {
            const table = document.getElementById("myTable");
            const row = table.insertRow();
            const rowId = "" + (table.rows.length - 1); // Generate a unique ID
            row.id = rowId; // Set the ID of the row

            // Add cells to the new row
            const cell1 = row.insertCell(0);
            const cell2 = row.insertCell(1);

            // Insert content into cells
            cell1.innerHTML = "Row " + (table.rows.length - 1);
            cell2.innerHTML = "Data " + (table.rows.length - 1);
         }
      </script>
   </body>
</html>

示例2

在这个示例中，我们将遵循上面的代码模式，并且我们将使用3种不同的方法为表格单元格生成一个随机id，分别使用classList方法，classList对象以及dataset对象的id属性。

文件名: index.html

<html lang="en">
   <head>
      <title>
         How to dynamically insert id into table element using JavaScript?
      </title>
   </head>
   <body>
      <h3>How to dynamically insert id into table element using JavaScript?</h3>
      <table id="myTable">
         <tr>
            <th>Row</th>
            <th>Data</th>
         </tr>
      </table>
      <button onclick="addRowUsingObj()">Add Row Using classList object</button>
      <button onclick="addRowUsingMethod()">
         Add Row Using classList method
      </button>
      <button onclick="addRowUsingId()">Add Row Using the id property</button>
      <script>
         const table = document.getElementById("myTable");

         function addRowUsingObj() {
            // Example 1: Using classList object
            const row1 = table.insertRow();
            row1.classList.add("custom-row");

            // Insert content into cells
            const cell1 = row1.insertCell();
            const cell2 = row1.insertCell();
            cell1.innerHTML = "Row " + (table.rows.length - 1);
            cell2.innerHTML = "Data " + (table.rows.length - 1);
         }

         function addRowUsingMethod() {
            // Example 2: Using classList method
            const row3 = table.insertRow();
            row3.classList.add("row-highlight");

            // Insert content into cells
            const cell1 = row3.insertCell();
            const cell2 = row3.insertCell();
            cell1.innerHTML = "Row " + (table.rows.length - 1);
            cell2.innerHTML = "Data " + (table.rows.length - 1);
         }

         function addRowUsingId() {
            // Example 3: Using the id property of the dataset object
            const row4 = table.insertRow();
            const rowId = "row-" + (table.rows.length - 1); // Generate a unique ID
            row4.dataset.id = rowId; // Set the ID of the row

            // Insert content into cells
            const cell1 = row4.insertCell();
            const cell2 = row4.insertCell();
            cell1.innerHTML = "Row " + (table.rows.length - 1);
            cell2.innerHTML = "Data " + (table.rows.length - 1);
            // Add more cells and content for the other examples if needed
         }
      </script>
   </body>
</html>