C++程序实现归并排序
归并排序技术是基于分治技术的。我们将数据集分成较小的部分,并按排序顺序合并它们形成一个较大的片段。对于最坏情况,这个算法也非常有效,因为它的时间复杂度很低。
归并排序技术的复杂性
- 时间复杂度 :对于所有情况都为O(n log n)
- 空间复杂度 :O(n)
Input − The unsorted list: 14 20 78 98 20 45
Output − Array after Sorting: 14 20 20 45 78 98
算法
merge(array, left, middle, right)
输入 : 数据集 array,左边索引 left,中间索引 middle,右边索引 right
输出 : 合并后的列表
Begin
nLeft := m - left+1
nRight := right – m
define arrays leftArr and rightArr of size nLeft and nRight respectively
for i := 0 to nLeft do
leftArr[i] := array[left +1]
done
for j := 0 to nRight do
rightArr[j] := array[middle + j +1]
done
i := 0, j := 0, k := left
while i < nLeft AND j < nRight do
if leftArr[i] <= rightArr[j] then
array[k] = leftArr[i]
i := i+1
else
array[k] = rightArr[j]
j := j+1
k := k+1
done
while i < nLeft do
array[k] := leftArr[i]
i := i+1
k := k+1
done
while j < nRight do
array[k] := rightArr[j]
j := j+1
k := k+1
done
End
mergeSort(array, left, right)
输入: :一个数组的数据,以及数组的下界和上界
输出: :排序后的数组
Begin
if lower < right then
mid := left + (right - left) /2
mergeSort(array, left, mid)
mergeSort (array, mid+1, right)
merge(array, left, mid, right)
End
示例代码
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void swapping(int &a, int &b) { //swap the content of a and b
int temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
void display(int *array, int size) {
for(int i = 0; i<size; i++)
cout << array[i] << " ";
cout << endl;
}
void merge(int *array, int l, int m, int r) {
int i, j, k, nl, nr;
//size of left and right sub-arrays
nl = m-l+1; nr = r-m;
int larr[nl], rarr[nr];
//fill left and right sub-arrays
for(i = 0; i<nl; i++)
larr[i] = array[l+i];
for(j = 0; j<nr; j++)
rarr[j] = array[m+1+j];
i = 0; j = 0; k = l;
//marge temp arrays to real array
while(i < nl && j<nr) {
if(larr[i] <= rarr[j]) {
array[k] = larr[i];
i++;
}else{
array[k] = rarr[j];
j++;
}
k++;
}
while(i<nl) { //extra element in left array
array[k] = larr[i];
i++; k++;
}
while(j<nr) { //extra element in right array
array[k] = rarr[j];
j++; k++;
}
}
void mergeSort(int *array, int l, int r) {
int m;
if(l < r) {
int m = l+(r-l)/2;
// Sort first and second arrays
mergeSort(array, l, m);
mergeSort(array, m+1, r);
merge(array, l, m, r);
}
}
int main() {
int n;
cout << "Enter the number of elements: ";
cin >> n;
int arr[n]; //create an array with given number of elements
cout << "Enter elements:" << endl;
for(int i = 0; i<n; i++) {
cin >> arr[i];
}
cout << "Array before Sorting: ";
display(arr, n);
mergeSort(arr, 0, n-1); //(n-1) for last index
cout << "Array after Sorting: ";
display(arr, n);
}
输出
Enter the number of elements: 6
Enter elements:
14 20 78 98 20 45
Array before Sorting: 14 20 78 98 20 45
Array after Sorting: 14 20 20 45 78 98