TestNG 如何从Maven传递Java代码中的参数进行测试

TestNG是一个测试框架，可以使用Maven作为构建工具。它帮助在pom.xml文件中的一个地方维护依赖项及其版本。

Maven提供了使用surefire插件来灵活运行的功能。Surefire插件具有从pom.xml传递参数到TestNG类或任何Java代码的功能。为了实现这一点，surefire插件还有另一个名为systemPropertyVariables的标签，用户可以通过命令行传递n个变量并在运行时为这些变量赋值。

本文将说明如何从Maven传递参数到Java代码。

步骤

步骤1：创建一个TestNG类——NewTestngClass
步骤2：在类中编写2个@Test方法
步骤3：在pom.xml中添加systemPropertyVariable，如程序代码部分所示。变量为${env.user}
步骤4：现在在命令行中传递变量的值

mvn test -Denv.user=UAT

步骤5：现在验证是否访问了相同的变量值

示例

下面的代码演示了如何从一个大套件中仅运行一个测试方法：

src/test/java/NewTest.java

import org.testng.annotations.Parameters;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

public class NewTest {

    @Test()
    public void testCase1() {
        System.out.println("in test case 1 of NewTestngClass");
        System.out.println("Regression" +   System.getProperty("environment"));
    }

    @Parameters("environment")
    @Test()
    public void testCase2(String environment) {
        System.out.println("in test case 2 of NewTestngClass");
        System.out.println("Environment name is- "+environment);

    }
}

pom.xml

这是一个用于组织依赖项、插件和运行 TestNG 测试用例的 Maven 配置文件。

在只需要执行有限的测试而不是整个套件时，它非常方便。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.sample</groupId>
    <artifactId>TestNGProjectct</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.0-M5</version>
                <configuration>
                  <systemPropertyVariables>
                        <environment>${env.user}</environment>
                    </systemPropertyVariables>

                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>          
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
            <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
            <version>7.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

运行特定套件的命令

请注意，如果需要排除多个套件，只需用逗号分隔所有套件名称即可。

mvn clean test -Denv.user=UAT

输出

[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ---------------------< com.sample:TestNGProjectct >---------------------
[INFO] Building TestNGProjectct 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[INFO] Deleting C:\Users\anandas\IdeaProjects\TestNGProjectct\target
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 8 source files to C:\Users\anandas\IdeaProjects\TestNGProjectct\target\classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 1 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to C:\Users\anandas\IdeaProjects\TestNGProjectct\target\test-classes
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:3.0.0-M5:test (default-test) @ TestNGProjectct ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]  T E S T S
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Running newTest
in test case 1 of NewTestngClass
RegressionUAT
in test case 2 of NewTestngClass
Environment name is- UAT
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.614 s - in newTest
[INFO] 
[INFO] Results:
[INFO] 
[INFO] Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO] 
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  3.468 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2022-02-11T09:06:48+05:30
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Process finished with exit code 0