Matplotlib线宽|极客笔记

Matplotlib线宽

Matplotlib是一个用于绘制图表和图形的Python库，拥有丰富的功能和灵活的参数设置。在绘制线条时，线宽是一个重要的可调参数，可以通过调整线宽来控制图形的粗细和风格。本文将详细介绍如何在Matplotlib中设置线宽，并给出相关示例代码。

设置线宽

在Matplotlib中，可以使用linewidth参数或lw参数来设置线宽。线宽的单位是点（pt），默认值为1。可以通过将参数设置为大于1的值来增加线条的粗细，从而改变图形的外观。下面是一个简单的示例代码：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

plt.plot(x, y, linewidth=2)
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib线宽

示例代码

示例1：绘制一条直线

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [0, 1]
y = [0, 1]

plt.plot(x, y, lw=1.5)
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib线宽

示例2：绘制多条折线

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

x2 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y2 = [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

plt.plot(x1, y1, lw=2)
plt.plot(x2, y2, lw=1)
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib线宽

示例3：绘制柱状图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']
y = [10, 20, 15, 25]

plt.bar(x, y, lw=0.5)
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib线宽

示例4：绘制散点图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [10, 20, 15, 25, 30]

plt.scatter(x, y, s=100, lw=1.5)
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib线宽

示例5：绘制等高线图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = np.linspace(-3, 3, 100)
y = np.linspace(-3, 3, 100)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)
Z = np.sin(X) * np.cos(Y)

plt.contour(X, Y, Z, levels=10, linewidths=2)
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib线宽

示例6：设置线条颜色

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

plt.plot(x, y, color='r', lw=1.5)
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib线宽

示例7：设置线条样式

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

plt.plot(x, y, linestyle='--', lw=1.5)
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib线宽

示例8：设置线条透明度

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

plt.plot(x, y, alpha=0.5, lw=1.5)
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib线宽

示例9：绘制填充区域

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y1 = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
y2 = [0, 3, 6, 12, 20]

plt.fill_between(x, y1, y2, color='blue', alpha=0.5, lw=1)
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib线宽

示例10：设置图例

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y1 = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
y2 = [0, 3, 6, 12, 20]

plt.plot(x, y1, label='Line 1', lw=3)
plt.plot(x, y2, label='Line 2', lw=2)
plt.legend()
plt.show()

Output:

Matplotlib线宽