Golang 如何按字典顺序（字母顺序）对元素进行排序

在本教程中，我们将编写Golang程序以按字典顺序对元素进行排序。本教程将包括三种不同的方法来完成此操作。要进行排序，我们需要比较两个字符串，为此，我们将使用<运算符，它将返回一个布尔值。如果左侧的值在字典顺序上大于右侧的值，则返回false，否则返回true。

例如，

教程 < Point – 运算符将返回true。

C++ < Golang – 运算符将返回false。

步骤

第1步 − 创建并初始化一个字符串类型的切片。

第2步 − 在嵌套的for循环中运行，在循环内我们选择左侧的每个索引，并与大于该索引的索引进行比较，并将最小的元素存储在剩余元素中。

第3步 − 打印排序后的元素。

示例

在此示例中，我们将在函数内按字典顺序对元素进行排序。

package main

// fmt package provides the function to print anything
import "fmt"
func main() {

   // creating a slice of string type and storing the element
   stringSlice := [5]string{"Tutorial", "Point", "Java", "C++", "Golang"}
   var temp string
   fmt.Println("Program to sort the element in lexicographical order within the function.")
   fmt.Println()
   fmt.Println("Elements before sorting in lexicographical order.") 

   // printing the elements before sorting them in lexicographical order
   for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
      fmt.Print(stringSlice[i], " ")
   }
   fmt.Println()

   // running the nested loops and picking one index at a time

   // and find the right element in lexicographical order

   // on that index
   for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
      for j := i + 1; j < 5; j++ {

         // comparing the strings at index i and index j

         // if string at index i is greater in lexicographical

         // order than doing the swap of both elements
         if stringSlice[i] > stringSlice[j] {
            temp = stringSlice[i]
            stringSlice[i] = stringSlice[j]
            stringSlice[j] = temp
         }
      }
   }
   fmt.Println()
   fmt.Println("Elements after sorting in lexicographical order.")

   // printing the elements after sorting them in lexicographical order
   for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
      fmt.Print(stringSlice[i], " ")
   }
   fmt.Println()
}

输出

Program to sort the element in lexicographical order within the function.

Elements before sorting in lexicographical order.
Tutorial Point Java C++ Golang 

Elements after sorting in lexicographical order.
C++ Golang Java Point Tutorial

步骤

步骤1 − 创建并初始化一个字符串类型的切片。

步骤2 − 调用一个函数并将切片作为参数传递。

步骤3 − 在被调用的函数中，我们在嵌套的循环中选择左边的每个索引，并与大于该索引的索引进行比较，然后将最小的元素存储在剩余元素中。

步骤4 − 打印排序后的元素。

示例

在这个示例中，我们将在一个单独的函数中按字典顺序对元素进行排序。

package main

// fmt package provides the function to print anything
import "fmt"

// this function has a parameter of type string slice
func sortElementLexicographical(stringSlice []string) {
   var temp string

   // running the nested loops and picking one index at a time

   // and find the right element in lexicographical order

   // on that index
   for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
      for j := i + 1; j < 5; j++ {

         // comparing the strings at index i and index j

         // if string at index i is greater in lexicographical

         // order than doing the swap of both elements
         if stringSlice[i] > stringSlice[j] {
            temp = stringSlice[i]
            stringSlice[i] = stringSlice[j]
            stringSlice[j] = temp
         }
      }
   }
}
func main() {

   // creating a slice of string type and storing the element
   stringSlice := [5]string{"Tutorial", "Point", "Java", "C++", "Golang"}
   fmt.Println("Program to sort the element in lexicographical order in the separate function.")
   fmt.Println()
   fmt.Println("Elements before sorting in lexicographical order.")

   // printing the elements before sorting them in lexicographical order
   for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
      fmt.Print(stringSlice[i], " ")
   }
   fmt.Println()

   // calling the function by passing the stringSlice as an argument
   sortElementLexicographical(stringSlice[:])
   fmt.Println()
   fmt.Println("Elements after sorting in lexicographical order.")

   // printing the elements after sorting them in lexicographical order
   for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
      fmt.Print(stringSlice[i], " ")
   }
   fmt.Println()
}

输出

Program to sort the element in lexicographical order in the separate function.

Elements before sorting in lexicographical order.
Tutorial Point Java C++ Golang 

Elements after sorting in lexicographical order.
C++ Golang Java Point Tutorial

步骤

步骤1 - 创建并初始化一个类型为字符串的切片。

步骤2 - 调用排序包中的函数，并将切片作为参数传递。

步骤3 - 打印排序后的元素。

示例

在这个示例中，我们将使用排序包及其函数来实现这个功能。

package main

// fmt package provides the function to print anything
import (
   "fmt"
   "sort"
)
func main() {

   // creating a slice of string type and storing the element
   stringSlice := [5]string{"Tutorial", "Point", "Java", "C++", "Golang"}
   fmt.Println("Program to sort the element in lexicographical order using sort package.")
   fmt.Println()
   fmt.Println("Elements before sorting in lexicographical order.")

   // printing the elements before sorting them in lexicographical order
   for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
      fmt.Print(stringSlice[i], " ")
   }
   fmt.Println()

   // calling the function in the sort package by passing the stringSlice as an argument
   sort.Strings(stringSlice[:])
   fmt.Println()
   fmt.Println("Elements after sorting in lexicographical order.")

   // printing the elements after sorting them in lexicographical order
   for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
      fmt.Print(stringSlice[i], " ")
   }
   fmt.Println()
}

输出

Program to sort the element in lexicographical order using sort package.

Elements before sorting in lexicographical order.
Tutorial Point Java C++ Golang 

Elements after sorting in lexicographical order.
C++ Golang Java Point Tutorial